The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Jubail–Buraydah Independent Water Transmission Pipeline (IWTP) Project supports the development of a 587 km pipeline transporting 650,000 m³/day of desalinated water from Jubail to Buraydah. The ESIA included baseline environmental surveys (air quality, noise, ecology, groundwater), hydrological assessments, and desktop studies to establish pre-project conditions. A comprehensive stakeholder engagement plan was implemented, alongside permitting support for key infrastructure such as pumping stations and reservoirs. The assessment evaluated environmental and social risks, proposing mitigation measures for both construction and operation. The study was conducted in accordance with the standards of the National Center for Environmental Compliance (NCEC), IFC Performance Standards, the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework, and the Equator Principles.